What are the rules for Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are based on seven symbols: I(1), V(5), X(10), L(50), C(100), D(500), and M(1000). Values are generally added together, but a smaller symbol before a larger one indicates subtraction (e.g., IV = 4).

Why is 3,999 the limit?

Standard Roman numerals don't have a standardized way to represent numbers 4,000 and above without adding special bars (vinculums) over letters, which are not supported in basic Unicode text.

Is there a Roman numeral for zero?

No. The ancient Romans did not have a conceptual or numerical symbol for zero. The concept of zero as a number was introduced to the West much later.

Classical Tool

Roman Numerals

Convert digits to classic Roman symbols and back. Explore historical numbering with instant validation and a clean, premium interface.

Arabic Number

Roman Result

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Axonix Professional Roman Numeral Converter is a fast, privacy-first utility that runs directly in your browser. Get started in seconds: Determine if you want to convert from Arabic numbers to Roman numerals or vice-versa using the swap button.

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How to Use Professional Roman Numeral Converter

1Determine if you want to convert from Arabic numbers to Roman numerals or vice-versa using the swap button.
2Enter your value in the first card. For Arabic numbers, input any value between 1 and 3,999.
3For Roman numerals, type letters like I, V, X, L, C, D, or M.
4The results appear instantly in the second card with real-time validation for correct historical logic.
5Use the copy button on the result card to quickly save the converted value.

Key Features

Bidirectional Conversion: Seamlessly switch between modern numbers and ancient Roman symbols.
Smart Validation: Prevents incorrect sequences like 'IIII' by enforcing standard subtractive rules.
Historical Limits: Adheres to the standard 1-3,999 range used in most historical contexts.
Monospace Clarity: High-contrast typography ensures readability of complex symbol combinations.
Mobile Friendly: Large, easy-to-tap interface optimized for students and history buffs on the go.

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